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Flowchart

Sistem dispenser otomatis bekerja mengikuti dua alur utama, yaitu pemantauan level air dengan sensor water level analog dan pendeteksian gelas dengan sensor infrared digital.​

1. Mulai (Start)

• Sistem diberi catu daya 12 V dan seluruh rangkaian aktif.​
• Sistem siap memonitor dua parameter utama: ketinggian air di dalam galon dan keberadaan gelas di bawah keluaran dispenser.​

2. Sensor Water Level dan Komparator LM393

• Sensor water level membaca ketinggian air dan mengubahnya menjadi sinyal tegangan analog melalui rangkaian pembagi tegangan dan probe air.​
• Tegangan ini masuk ke input non-inverting (+) LM393, sementara tegangan referensi Vref dihasilkan dari potensiometer sebagai pembagi tegangan pada 12 V.​

3. Kondisi Level Air Galon

Sistem membandingkan tegangan level air (Vi) dengan tegangan referensi (Vref) menggunakan detektor non‑inverting.​

1. Saat Air < Ambang Batas (Level Rendah)
   Vi lebih besar dari Vref (Vi > Vref) sehingga output LM393 berlogika aktif.​
   Transistor NPN masuk kondisi aktif karena VBE ≥ 0,6 V, relay menjadi close, LED peringatan menyala, dan buzzer berbunyi menandakan air hampir habis.​
2. Saat Air ≥ Ambang Batas (Level Cukup)
   Output komparator menunjukkan kondisi tidak aktif karena Vi ≤ Vref.​
   Transistor nonaktif, relay open, sehingga LED peringatan dan buzzer mati karena level air masih aman.​

4. Sensor Infrared dan Buffer TL082

• Secara paralel dengan pemantauan level air, sensor IR mendeteksi keberadaan gelas di depan nozzle dispenser.​
• Output digital sensor IR masuk ke op‑amp TL082 yang dikonfigurasi sebagai voltage follower (buffer) untuk menjaga tegangan tetap stabil dengan impedansi keluaran rendah.​​

5. Kondisi Keberadaan Gelas

1. Jika Gelas Terdeteksi
   Sensor IR menghasilkan logika aktif yang diikuti oleh output buffer TL082 menjadi level HIGH.​​
   Transistor NPN aktif (VBE ≥ 0,6 V), relay close, pompa atau katup dispenser menyala, dan LED merah menyala sebagai indikator bahwa gelas terdeteksi dan air sedang mengalir.​
2. Jika Gelas Tidak Terdeteksi
   Output sensor dan buffer berada pada level rendah sehingga transistor tidak aktif.​
   Relay open, pompa atau katup dispenser mati, dan LED merah padam karena tidak ada gelas pada posisi pengisian.​

6. Selesai / Loop Monitoring

• Setelah setiap siklus pemeriksaan level air dan keberadaan gelas, sistem kembali ke kondisi monitoring sensor secara berulang.​
• Dengan demikian, dispenser hanya mengalirkan air saat gelas terdeteksi dan memberikan peringatan saat air galon hampir habis tanpa membutuhkan intervensi manual.